Brazil publishes roadmaps on fossil fuels and deforestation
The plans recommend steps on energy and forests but impose no binding commitments, deadlines or milestones; countries choose whether and how to act.
Loading… Բեռնվում է…
The plans recommend steps on energy and forests but impose no binding commitments, deadlines or milestones; countries choose whether and how to act.
Brazil published global roadmaps on 3 November for moving away from fossil fuels and halting and reversing deforestation. They recommend steps that countries can choose to take, but neither document is binding or sets deadlines or milestones.
The documents follow a dispute at COP30 in Belém in November 2025 over whether its final resolutions should include fossil-fuel pledges. The summit presidency promised the two roadmaps as a compromise.
Brazil recommends that oil and gas producers urgently reduce flaring, the burning of gas at extraction sites, and venting, its release into the air. It also recommends reducing subsidies for fossil-fuel production or use and expanding renewable electricity generation. Subsidies are government support that can lower costs for producers or users.
The forest roadmap says poorer countries with extensive forests need substantial financial support, including where fires and palm-oil exploitation threaten forests. It also emphasizes regulating trade between forested countries and consumer countries.
Citing United Nations figures, the roadmap estimates that annual forest-finance needs will greatly exceed the funding currently available:
| Measure | Amount per year |
|---|---|
| Currently available | About $85 billion |
| Projected need by 2030 |
The national mean reached 26.3°C, or 1.74°C above the long-term average, as the forecasting center projects above-average temperatures through January.
| About $300 billion |
| Projected need by 2050 | About $500 billion |
Brazil established the Tropical Forests Forever Facility, a fund intended to preserve forests, at COP30. The UK contributed £400 million, while other countries contributed about $7 billion combined.
Brazil says countries can strengthen their economies and lift people out of poverty while moving away from coal, oil and gas. Its COP30 president, André Corrêa do Lago, told The Guardian that finance, transportation, energy and infrastructure ministries should work out how to implement the roadmaps in their own countries. Countries are to assess their dependence on fossil fuels and select steps suited to their circumstances.
The global documents are separate from national roadmaps associated with the April 2026 conference in Santa Marta, Colombia. There, nearly 60 countries formed a coalition outside the COP process to develop their own fossil-fuel phaseout plans. The Guardian describes those national plans as more specific because the governments responsible for implementing them write them.
Joeri Rogelj, a professor of climate science and policy at Imperial College London, called Brazil’s roadmaps valuable but said the lack of timelines and benchmarks leaves the necessary pace of change unclear. He said that makes it difficult to see what is needed to meet the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting warming to well below 2°C and preferably to 1.5°C.
Corrêa do Lago wants the annual UN climate conferences to focus more on carrying out targets already agreed. COP31 is scheduled to take place in Antalya, Turkey, in November 2026.
4 min
From 1 January 2027, retailers and food-service outlets must stop supplying or holding specified plastic products, with exceptions for some packaging and recycled garbage bags.
1 min
The agency will not finalize methods developed under a 2005 agreement, but an advocate says farms that exceed emissions thresholds still need Clean Air Act permits.
3 min